There seems to be an epidemic of celiac disease going on. I keep running into more and more people with the disease, and more and more products are proclaiming themselves gluten-free, as if gluten were some kind of plutonium. It's not: it's a complex of proteins found in wheat, and possibly in other foods based on wheat-like grains. But to some celiac sufferers, it might as well be plutonium, because that's how strongly they need to stay away from it. Others not as much: it might be worth it to them to eat an occasional slice of pizza or a doughnut. But the disease does seem to be on the rise.
It turns out to be complicated. There's a genetic marker, but most people with the genetic marker don't have the disease. The current, easier test is to look for certain related auto-antibodies. (Grabbing a villi sample out of someone's gut and seeing if the villi are impaired, along with other characteristic gut problems, will also tell you if there's a problem.) But there seems to be an environmental factor.
Lately, some people have been avoiding gluten due to a non-specific feeling that eating too much gluten might be a problem. This disregards the fact that folks have been eating wheat and related grains for thousands of years. But who knows: some folks have similar sounding problems with lactose and milk, except that's a totally separate type problem (some folks lose the ability to generate lactase, some don't, but it's also partially dependent on how much lactose you have to deal with).
Now, guess what? Someone says that withdrawing gluten, especially to children, might be exactly the wrong thing to do:
"Who Has the Guts for Gluten?" at the NYT (semi-paywall: sorry)
The upshot is that, well, it's complicated. :) But it may have to do with gut bacteria, breastfeeding, and not withdrawing gluten from kids' diets. The good stuff in the article is down toward the bottom, where they start talking about a veritable epidemic of celiac in Sweden in the 70s, and what probably caused it: a decrease in breastfeeding coupled with a decrease in gluten fed to infants immediately post-nursing. So less gluten caused more gluten intolerance.
The jury is still out, but getting rid of gluten willy-nilly doesn't seem like a good idea anymore. That's not much help for current sufferers, but more knowledge about disease is always a good thing.
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